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NEW YORK, USA, Le 31 Mars 2022 -/African Media Agency (AMA)/-La Corne de l’Afrique connaît la pire sécheresse depuis 1981, et le manque de financement de l’aide met la vie de millions de Somaliens en danger.
Debout devant sa maison de fortune dans un camp pour personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du district de Luuq, dans le sud de la Somalie, Ahmad Hassan Yarrow regarde en direction de ce qui reste de la rivière Juba et secoue tristement la tête.
« De toutes les sécheresses que j’ai connues au cours de mes 70 ans, je n’ai jamais rien vu d’aussi grave », dit-il en contemplant le paysage devant lui.
M. Yarrow fait partie des centaines de milliers de Somaliens déplacés par la sécheresse la plus récente et qui s’aggrave dans le pays, quittant leur maison à la recherche de nourriture, d’eau et d’un abri.
Le district de Luuq, situé dans la province de Gedo, est traversé par la rivière Juba. Depuis plus de trois mois maintenant, les eaux de la rivière baissent régulièrement, ne laissant que des flaques brunes.
Au fur et à mesure que les eaux se sont évaporées, les espoirs des communautés locales – composées principalement d’agriculteurs et d’éleveurs – qui dépendent de la rivière pour leur subsistance se sont également accrus. Sous un soleil brûlant, leurs récoltes se sont flétries et leur bétail est mort. Comme beaucoup d’autres à travers le pays, ils se sont rapprochés de la famine.
« Nous avons tout perdu avec la sécheresse », explique Salado Madeer Mursaal, une mère de 28 ans, qui a également cherché de l’aide au camp de personnes déplacées. « Nous avons besoin de nourriture, d’abris, d’eau et d’autres besoins humains fondamentaux ».
Trois saisons des pluies ratées
Avec des décennies de conflit, des chocs climatiques récurrents et des épidémies, y compris les impacts de la pandémie de COVID-19, la situation humanitaire en Somalie était déjà grave. Même avant la sécheresse actuelle, environ 7,7 millions de Somaliens avaient besoin d’aide humanitaire et de protection cette année, soit une augmentation de 30% en un an.
La situation s’est détériorée, la sécheresse actuelle anéantissant les récoltes et le bétail mourant par manque d’eau et de pâturages, privant de nombreuses communautés pastorales de leur seule source de revenus.
« Le pays a connu trois saisons des pluies ratées consécutives. La quatrième, qui est censée commencer en avril et se poursuivre jusqu’en juin, devrait également être inférieure à la moyenne. Si cela se produit, alors nous envisageons un risque de famine », déclare le Coordinateur humanitaire pour la Somalie, Adam Abdelmoula.
Une opération de secours sous-financée
L’ONU et ses partenaires se sont fortement engagés dans la fourniture d’un appui humanitaire. En février, ils ont collectivement aidé 1,6 million de personnes, mais, avec les autorités fédérales somaliennes, ils demandent plus de fonds pour fournir une aide humanitaire d’urgence.
Selon le Bureau des Nations Unies pour la coordination des affaires humanitaires (OCHA), la Somalie est actuellement l’un des pays les plus durement touchés par la sécheresse dans la Corne de l’Afrique. Quelque 4,5 millions de Somaliens sont directement touchés par la sécheresse et environ 700.000 personnes ont été déplacées.
Enfants particulièrement vulnérables
« Au moment où nous parlons, 1,4 million d’enfants de moins de cinq ans souffrent de malnutrition sévère, et si nous n’intensifions pas notre intervention, il est prévu que 350.000 d’entre eux périront d’ici l’été de cette année. La situation ne peut pas être plus grave que cela », déclare M. Abdelmoula.
« Donc, j’appelle tous ceux qui sont en mesure de contribuer, y compris la diaspora somalienne, le monde des affaires, les donateurs traditionnels et non traditionnels, tout le monde, à agir et à agir maintenant », ajoute-t-il.
Dans le Plan de réponse humanitaire 2022 pour la Somalie, l’ONU recherche près de 1,5 milliard de dollars pour fournir une aide humanitaire à 5,5 millions des personnes les plus vulnérables du pays, dont 1,6 million de déplacés internes, 3,9 millions de non-déplacés et des personnes handicapées.
Cependant, seulement 4% environ – 56,1 millions de dollars – ont été reçus jusqu’à présent.
À la recherche de sécurité et d’un abri
Dans les camps de Luuq, il y a un mélange palpable de soulagement et de résignation parmi les déplacés.
Après plusieurs jours de marche, Fatuma Madeer Mursaal et sa famille sont arrivées au camp de déplacés de Boyle. Là, ils ont rejoint plus de 4.000 autres personnes en quête d’aide.
« Nous sommes des agriculteurs et nous avions aussi notre bétail, mais tous les animaux sont morts à cause de la sécheresse. Nous n’avons plus rien et nous sommes venus ici pour chercher de l’eau, de la nourriture, un abri et de l’aide », explique Mme Mursaal, une mère de six enfants âgée de 39 ans.
Le camp de déplacés de Boyle est l’un des nombreux camps qui ont vu le jour dans tout le pays alors que des personnes désespérées se déplacent vers des endroits où elles espèrent pouvoir accéder à de l’aide.
« C’est grave, et l’une des plus grandes tragédies auxquelles la Somalie est confrontée aujourd’hui. Les communautés déplacées n’ont ni abri, ni eau, ni médicaments, ni même de nourriture, et dépendent de l’aide. La sécheresse a tout anéanti, et si les survivants ne reçoivent pas d’aide humanitaire d’urgence, ils risquent aussi de mourir », déclare l’administrateur local du district de Luuq, le commissaire Ali Kadiye Mohamed.
Les agences humanitaires des Nations Unies travaillent en étroite collaboration avec des partenaires sur le terrain pour améliorer la situation. L’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) a acheminé de l’eau par camion dans des camps tels que le camp de personnes déplacées de Boyle, et construit des réservoirs d’eau et des latrines pour aider à améliorer les conditions d’assainissement.
À l’hôpital du district de Luuq, financé en partie par le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance (UNICEF), l’agence onusienne travaille avec une agence caritative irlandaise, Trocaire, pour traiter, nourrir et stabiliser les enfants admis souffrant de malnutrition sévère.
Le personnel local dit avoir constaté une aggravation de la situation. « En janvier, 62 enfants malnutris ont été admis ici. En février, le nombre est passé à 100, et au 21 mars, le nombre s’élève à 114 », a déclaré l’infirmier en chef de l’hôpital, Abdirahman Mohamed Kasim.
« Dès que ces enfants arrivent à l’hôpital, poursuit-il, nous leur donnons du lait pour les stades primaires et secondaires de la malnutrition, et, après leur rétablissement, nous les transférons vers d’autres centres d’alimentation où ils reçoivent des biscuits à haute teneur énergétique et des traitements contre d’autres maladies ».
« Cette sécheresse a anéanti tout ce que nous avions »
Ailleurs à Luuq, le Programme alimentaire mondial des Nations Unies (PAM), qui met en œuvre des programmes de bons d’alimentation et d’argent pour les groupes vulnérables en Somalie, fournit un soutien nutritionnel préventif et curatif aux femmes et aux enfants.
L’agence humanitaire alimentaire intensifie ses interventions, visant à soutenir 2,5 millions de personnes avec une aide alimentaire au cours du premier semestre de cette année, mais – comme tant d’autres agences des Nations Unies – elle ne peut le faire que si elle reçoit plus de financement ; dans ce cas, quelque 203 millions de dollars pour combler un déficit de financement.
Pour M. Yarrow, regardant de chez lui dans le camp de personnes déplacées de Luuq, les questions de financement de la réponse humanitaire du pays sont des questions lointaines, d’experts, loin de ses préoccupations. Ses besoins, et ceux des nombreux autres Somaliens déplacés confrontés à la famine, sont plus immédiats.
« Cette sécheresse a anéanti tout ce que nous avions », dit-il. « Nous sommes soulagés d’être ici dans ce camp de personnes déplacées où nous recevons de l’aide, mais nous sommes trop nombreux et nous luttons. La nourriture, l’eau et les abris ne suffisent pas. Il y a beaucoup de femmes, de personnes âgées et d’enfants qui souffrent de malnutrition et qui sont malades, mais qui n’ont pas de médicaments. Nous faisons de notre mieux pour survivre, mais nous avons besoin d’aide ».
Distribué par African Media Agency (AMA) pour ONU Info.
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